Telomeres: The Cellular Clock of Aging
Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of your chromosomes, often compared to the plastic tips on shoelaces that prevent fraying. Each time a cell divides, telomeres shorten slightly. When they become critically short, the cell stops dividing and enters senescence or dies. Telomere length is one of the most studied biomarkers of biological aging. People with shorter telomeres have higher risks of age-related diseases and earlier mortality. Lifestyle factors influence the rate of telomere shortening. Chronic psychological stress accelerates telomere loss. Regular exercise, particularly moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, is associated with longer telomeres. A diet rich in whole plant foods supports telomere maintenance. Smoking and excessive alcohol accelerate shortening. The enzyme telomerase can lengthen telomeres, but its activity declines with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Some companies now offer telomere length testing, but the clinical utility for individuals remains uncertain.
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